Case summary and examination of Obstetrics Posting

Case synopsis and assessment of Obstetrics Posting Madam NTR is a 34 years of age Malay woman with gravida 4 and equality 3, as of now at 37 weeks of growths. She was conceded on 21st Nov 2010 at gestational age of 30 weeks and 1 day, because of referral from Health Clinic Sendayan taking into account placenta previa dependent on ultrasound discoveries during a routine antenatal visit. Her evaluated date of conveyance was on twentieth Jan 2011. She was asymptomatic without any grumblings of per vaginal dying, compression torment, spilling alcohol or show. Fetal developments were felt and were not decreased. She has no history of placenta previa in her past pregnancies. The main day of her last ordinary menstrual period was on fifteenth Apr 2010. This was a sudden pregnancy yet both her and her better half needed it. She speculated she was pregnant when she missed her menses for about a month. She affirmed her pregnancy after pee pregnancy test done in a private center yielded positive outcome. Booking was done in Maternal and Child H ealth Clinic Gadong at about four months of growth and the dating filter at about four months uncovered boundaries comparing to date. Nonetheless, placenta was noted to be low lying during that check. All through her routine antenatal visits, she was normotensive, not iron deficient and didn't have diabetes mellitus. HIV and VDRL test were negative. Her blood bunch type is O Rh Dâ positive. This is her fourth pregnancy. Her third pregnancy was in the time of 2007. She conveyed a full term infant kid with birth weight of 2.6 kg through cesarean conveyance because of breech introduction in Hospital Tuanku Jaafar Seremban. She conveyed her initial two youngsters who are the two guys in the time of 2004 and 2005 through unconstrained vaginal conveyance, with birth weight of 4.26kg and 2.6kg individually. There was no history of shoulder dystocia. Every one of her kids were brought into the world fit as a fiddle. Antenatal, natal and postnatal for every past pregnancy were uneventful. S he achieved menarche at 12 years old. It is normal at 28 to 30 days cycle with term of 5 to 7 days. There was neither dysmenorrhea nor menorrhagia. She rehearsed sex interuptus as preventative measure. She never had any PAP smear done already. Past careful, clinical and medicate history were unremarkable. Family ancestry was unremarkable. She and her significant other are hitched for a long time. They are remaining along with their three youngsters in Gadong Jaya Village. She is a housewife. She neither smokes nor drinks liquor. Then again, her significant other fills in as a development laborer. He is a smoker yet not alcoholic. Family salary is roughly RM2000 every month which is scarcely satisfactory for their living. Physical assessment: Madam NTR was alert, cognizant and open. She was not in torment or respiratory pain. Her tallness and weight are 165cm and 76kg individually. Her circulatory strain was 110/80 mmHg; beat rate was 86 beats for each moment of customary cadence and solid volume; temperature was 37â ° C; respiratory rate was 19 breaths for every moment. Every essential sign were inside ordinary range. Upon general assessment, there was no conjunctival paleness, sclera jaundice, palmar erythema or fringe cyanosis. Thyroid organs were not obvious and bosom assessment was unremarkable. There was reciprocal pedal edema up to mid-shin. Cardiopulmonary assessment was unremarkable.

Stability Testing of Nifedeipine

Security Testing of Nifedeipine Syed Masood Hassan Akbari Down to earth 2 Stability investigation of Nifedipine Presentation Nifedipine is considered as a model compound of the dihydropyridine class of calcium channel adversaries. Nifedipine is a particular blood vessel dilator, and furthermore is utilized in the treatment of hypertension, angina and cardiovascular issue. The disadvantage related with nifedipine is that it can experience photograph corruption in this manner raising in loss of pharmacological action. This procedure includes the decrease of the sweet-smelling nitro gathering to nitroso gathering or the oxidation of the dihydropyridine ring to a pyridine ring. Nifedipine synthesizers utilize light safe covering to diminish their photograph corruption. It has been discovered that because of poor stockpiling conditions the clinical adequacy of nifedipine can drop radically. So as to fix this a determination of fixings inside the measurements structure can be adjusted or improved so as to limit photosensitivity. Particle trade dabs are strong and appropriately are high sub-atomic weight polyelec trolytes that can without much of a stretch trade their portable particles of equivalent accuse of neighboring medium reversibly. The particle trade dot can frame a complex with nifedipine and its utility used to grasp sedate in light natures. Precariousness of the medication item may prompt a decrease in the bioavailability of the medication. It is likewise profoundly significant that the patients do get their uniform does of the medication all through the entire of the timeframe of realistic usability of the item. This trial experiences the photodecomposition energy of nifedipine at zero-request when the response begins. As the response continues further to half the energy of the response changes to first-arrange. Figure 1: Represents nifedipine debasement at the two unique frequencies appeared previously. This investigation comprised of 3 principle segments: Deciding the strength of nifedipine utilizing HPLC at different time interims. Assessing the half-life for the vanishing drug. Inspecting the overall soundness of the medication as powder and in arrangement. Test For HPLC 20mg of nifedipine was weighed out and set in a 100ml volumetric carafe utilizing the portable stage to top up the jar. The subsequent arrangements colouration was noted and moved to a measuring glass and secured with paraffin. A little inclusion was made to take up 2ml of the arrangement into an infusion utilizing a 0.2â µm channel. The time was noted and the example was stacked and run quickly and the measuring utencil was secured with paraffin and put on an edge where daylight was available and after each 15 min interims the example was infused into the mechanical assembly and it was run. After each run was completed the pinnacle territory for every one of the runs were recorded. For security in strong structure 100mg of the strong example of nifedipine was weighed out in a gauging pontoon and spread out equally and put on a window sill with legitimate Irish daylight for a term of 2 hours. The appearance was noted when the time slipped by. The strong example was then homogenized and 20mg was taken and set in a 100ml volumetric jar and made sufficient with the versatile stage. Straight away 2ml arrangement was taken and put on a 0.2â µm channel and was prepared for infusion. The pinnacle region of the strong example was recorded in the report. RESULTS CONCLUSIONS Assurance of the security of nifedipine strong and fluid examples with daylight. Table 1: Shows the nifedipine run time with brief interims, the strong structure and an UV test. The delineations underneath show the HPLC tops at different time interims with their maintenance times, top zone and statures. Figure 2: Depicts nifedipine at T0. Figure 3: Depicts nifedipine at T20. Figure 4: Depicts nifedipine at T35. Figure 5: Depicts nifedipine at T50. Figure 6: Depicts nifedipine at T65. Figure 7: Depicts nifedipine at T80. Figure 8: Depicts nifedipine at T95. Figure 9: Represents the pinnacle region plotted against time of nifedipine corruption taken at brief interims. In the wake of doing the examination it tends to be said taking a gander at the information that the response energy are of zero request at any rate from T0-T80. At T95 it is seen that the pinnacle gets somewhat expansive it can show that another pinnacle is beginning to shape, it the analysis had proceeded for in any event 45 minutes all the more then it could have been the beginning of the primary request response energy. In this way it tends to be reasoned that as per the information achieved the response energy are still at zero request during information obtaining. From the diagram utilizing the condition: y = a + bx b = slant = - 12046.1 +/ - 841.833 The half-existence of nifedipine was discovered utilizing the condition: As we were managing zero request energy thus, r = k Utilizing, t1/2 = In(2)/k t1/2 = 0.693/0.988 t1/2 = 0.701 As per the information accumulated it is seen that the strong example of nifedipine looks like to the first T0 fluid example. By this perception an individual can say that the strong state test didn't give any indications of debasement after the 2 hour window. The shade of the fluid examples were changing from yellow at T0 to black out yellow at T80. Then again for the strong example from the light yellow powder after the 2 hour window a layer of dull yellow powder was seen and the powder was blended around and it was seen the basic strong particles despite everything held a similar shade of light yellow. As indicated by the UV information at T0 and Ɔºmax of 334 it produced an absorbance of 0.604. Though for the T100 with a Ɔºmax of 279 produced an absorbance of 1.064. QUESTIONS Remark on the overall photostability of strong and arrangement nifedipine in light. The strong example of nifedipine subsequent to being open to 2 hours of Irish daylight visual perception indicated a darker shading change from light yellow to a darker yet when the powder was blended the basic layer was of a similar light colouration as it began with. Also, after the 2 hours window the HPLC result demonstrated no corruption by any means. This could be because of the down to earth being completed in entryways and the absence of the photons getting to the strong example. Then again in the fluid example things were very little better from a yellow arrangement beginning at T0 †T80 there was no shading change yet in the wake of playing out the following HPLC the shading had gone swoon yellow. On the off chance that the mechanical assembly would have been given brief more the outcomes accomplished would be of first request energy. As it stands it is zero request energy. What sort of response is the nifedipine deterioration? Decrease What other decay responses do you figure nifedipine may experience? Oxidation What are the ramifications of your perceptions for the best possible dealing with and capacity of nifedipine? Makers of nifedipine items utilize light safe covering or pressing to limit their photodegradation. Long haul introduction to daylight or counterfeit light may likewise happen if nifedipine plans are improperly put away by patients. Poor stockpiling conditions may possibly diminish clinical viability of nifedipine. What approval do you think may be significant in the sort of investigation you performed today? â€Å"Validation of a diagnostic technique is the procedure that builds up by research center investigations, that the presentation attributes of the strategy meet the necessities for the proposed systematic applications.† The ordinary diagnostic attributes utilized in strategy approval differ however the significant one for this test is steadiness, framework reasonableness and framework affectability. â€Å"Prepared test/standard steadiness is characterized as the capacity of the analyte to stay stable in the diluent at the test focus determined in the systematic method.† Framework reasonableness testing is a vital piece of numerous investigative techniques. The tests depend on the idea that the examples to be examined establish a vital framework that can be assessed all things considered. Framework reasonableness is controlled by different strategies. Any one or a mix of the next might be composed into the strategy as important for utilizing the technique for routine post approval: Goals guarantees that intently eluting mixes are settled from one another and builds up the settling intensity of the framework. It contains as close as is conceivable to a total example lattice. At last limit factor is a proportion of the time the solute spends in the fixed stage comparative with the time it spends in the versatile stage.

Prof. Catherine DIgnazio on Urban Science for Public Good

Prof. Catherine DIgnazio on Urban Science for Public Good One of the strange things about being 10,000 years old is that, while Ive been tooling away judging teens, some of my classmates/labmates from when I was in my masters program have gone on to build careers in academia. Some are even professors! And, as of this term, one of them, Catherine DIgnazio, is even a professor at MIT! Oh god Im old.   Earlier today, Catherine circulated an announcement (and syllabus) for a new class she is teaching this term that I thought sounded totally rad: 11.S01 â€" 3 credits Urban Science for Public Good: Gender and Racial Equity in Artificial Intelligence Meets Mon 1:30 3pm First-year Discovery class Gender and racial equity are often central goals of urban planning. But what are gender and race? What happens when we start to measure and model these dimensions of identity? Conversely, what happens when we ignore gender and race in urban computation? This course introduces students to some of the leading scientists, theorists and practitioners who are working to challenge bias in AI and to use data and computation to work towards gender and racial equity in cities. Along the way, we will reflect on our own identities and learn critical concepts to navigate gender and race from fields such as Urban Planning, Womens Gender Studies, Critical Race Studies, and Computer Science. I know from reading applications that a lot of prospective MIT students are interested in how to use/change technology to make the world less awful, and Catherine is one of the central faculty members involved in building out a new major (and affiliated lab) where that is a central object of concern contemporaneous with the new College of Computing. So I thought Id ask her a few questions over email about who she is, what shes doing, and how people at/aspiring to MIT can stay informed. Who are you?   Im a new faculty at MIT in the Department of Urban Studies and Planning. My somewhat untraditional background is in software development, art/design and civic media. I graduated from the Media Lab/Center for Civic Media back in 2014 and have been thinking about how we can use data and technology for social good for some time. I also have a new book coming out called Data Feminism where Lauren Klein and I try to outline what a feminist approach to data science looks like. Spoiler alert: its not (only) about women and not (only) for women because it takes more than one gender to build a just and fair world.   How would you describe what and how you hope to teach (in this class and generally at MIT)? I like building things and making things, and Im very excited to be back at MIT where so many incredible things are built and made. Im also thrilled to be part of DUSPs new urban science major (Course 11-6) that we are doing in collaboration with Course 6. At the same time, I embrace ideas of participatory design and co-design where you involve communities in the making process. I see this as essential if we are going to build technologies that truly serve the public. So collaboration and participation is a part of all of the classes, where we often work with different outside groups. For example, in my spring course called the Crowd Sourced City we are collaborating with the Cambridge Historical Commission, Boston Public Library and the Geochicas, a feminist activist collective out of Latin America. How do we use data and technology to create more equitable, livable and healthy cities? Thats a question we have to answer through building technology AND building relationships. What are three books, papers, or other media that high school students interested in this field should read? OK I have to say Data Feminism. Other great starting points are Cathy ONeils Weapons of Math Destruction, ProPublicas story on Machine Bias, Joy Buolamwinis video AI, Aint I a Woman?. These start to point out some of the places where we are reproducing structural bias in data and AI, which is a huge risk for those of us who aspire to do good with data science. They also point towards the values, methods and tools we can adopt for us to start to do better. Anything else that you want to say? Im starting a new lab called the Data + Feminism Lab so I would welcome folks to our public mailing list to stay up to date on guest speakers, job opportunities and other activities that well post periodically. And just generally, feel free to get in touch with me and tell me about any interesting things happening around the community. I feel like I continue to discover new groups and spaces every day. And I need to learn the tunnels Hope you found this compelling and check out the syllabus and recommended readings so you can follow along at home!